The 20th century German expressionism pioneered by young artists such as Kandinsky and Franz Marc was soon introduced to Japan, influencing Japanese artists and also brought interaction between the two countries. In magazines published around that time, works by German expressionists were often seen, and Japanese translated versions of German expressionist theater performances were played at the Tsukiji Shogekijo theater.
Although expressionism is an idea imported to Japan, it could be said that Japan was ready to accept the influence. Speaking of the condition of Japan back then, it is important to mention the Taisho vitalism which painters like Ryusei Kishida advocated for. "Shirakaba" artists, including Soetsu Yanagi, were also inclined to spiritualim. These artists' interest in vitalism marked a significant point of departure in the history of art.
Japanese expressionism is often talked about in the contexts of painting and architecture, as well as notable prints by Koshiro Onchi, and yet its influence was not limited to these genres. The dynamic style was also adopted by nihonga artists. For instance, nanga (a school of Japanese painting originally influenced by Chinese paintings created in the Yuan and Ming dynasties) painters cultivated a subjective aspect in their paintings, giving birth to a brand-new nanga style. Later on, the influences of expressionism were seen in people's lifestyle, and it became a trend in the 1930s.
This exhibition, consisting of 350 western-style paintings, prints, nihonga, sculptures, crafts, architecture, photographs, theater arts, and films, introduces changes seen in modern art, from vitalism to the influence of German expressionism as well as the influence on everyday culture.
[Image: Tetsugoro Yorozu "A Woman With a Balloon" (1912) collection of Iwate Museum of Art]
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